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Furthermore, assume that it is possible for the output voltage to move from -12 to + 12 volts DC. In an analog circuit, a signal may have just about any value across a particular range.Īs an example, let's assume there's an opamp is connected for analog functioning. Analogĭigital electronics is different from analog electronics with their characteristics of pulses or the signals that are processed. These ICs have the same printed figures like the ordinary hobbyist version, barring the the initial "7" which may be found substituted with a "5." Put simply, these have numbers like IC 5490 which may be equivalent to a 7490. Military level TTL ICs are occasionally witnessed in amateur components vendors as industrial surplus. TTL ICs can be recognized by their printed numbers that begin with 74xx (for example IC 7490) or 74xxx (for example the IC 74161). It is possible to identify a CMOS IC through their "4xxx- series" part numbers (for examplle the IC 4049). The TTL logic ICs are built using NPN/PNP bipolar transistors or BJTs, whereas CMOS digital ICs are structured around field-effect transistors FETs or MOSFET's). The a couple of contemporary digital-logic families include the transistor-to-transistor logic (TTL) and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices. The complex interfacing job is therefore eliminated since we don't have to think a lot about matching signal levels and impedance values etc. Logic Familiesĭigital-logic families or integrated circuits are units that are structured or built using the common circuit components like transistors, capacitors, resistors, so that it becomes simple to interface them with each other through direct electrical conductors such as wires or PCB tracks. Let us explore the features of all those fundamental digital circuits below. In this article we would be discussing 12 basic digital circuits, which can be used as building blocks for making complex digital designs.